History
Located in the northern expanse of the desert State, Bikaner is speckled with numerous sand dunes, exuding an air of medieval grandeur that permeates the city's way of life. Often referred to as the "camel country," Bikaner boasts of breeding the finest riding camels globally, proudly housing one of the world's largest Camel Research and Breeding farms. The camel, known as the ship of the desert, is an integral part of daily life in this city.
The origins of Bikaner trace back to 1486, when a Rathore prince named Rao Bikaji established his kingdom. Bikaji was one of the five sons of Rao Jodhaji, the illustrious founder of Jodhpur. However, Rao Bikaji was the most venturesome among them. It is said that an offhand comment from his father regarding his soft-spoken nature in the Durbar spurred Bikaji to forge his own kingdom north of Jodhpur. The arid wilderness known as Jangladesh became his focal point, and he transformed it into an impressive city. Armed with only 100 cavalry horses and 500 soldiers, he laid the foundation of his kingdom across 84 villages. By the time of Bikaji's demise in 1504, his rule had expanded to over 3000 villages.
Bikaner's strategic position along the ancient caravan routes originating from West and Central Asia rendered it a pivotal trade hub during that era. Encircled by a seven-kilometer-long fortified wall with five gates, Bikaner stands on slightly elevated terrain. The resplendent forts and palaces, crafted with finesse in reddish-pink sandstone, stand as testaments to its opulent historical and architectural heritage. Bustling streets and vibrant marketplaces, teeming with lively and amiable locals, imbue Bikaner with a captivating charm.
The modern avatar of Bikaner owes much to its eminent ruler, Maharaja Ganga Singh (1887-1943), whose visionary leadership propelled the transformation of Bikaner from a principality into a preeminent princely state.
Places
Bhandeswar jain temple
The Bhandeswar Jain Temple, dating back to the fifteenth century, stands as the most ancient monument in Bikaner. This architectural marvel is adorned with opulent mirror work, intricate frescoes, and exquisite gold leaf paintings, showcasing a testament to its rich artistic heritage.
Deshnok
Deshnok, located 32 kilometers to the south of Bikaner city along the Jodhpur Road, enjoys seamless connectivity through both national highway and rail networks. This village holds great religious significance as it is considered a pilgrimage site dedicated to Karni Mata, believed to be an incarnation of Goddess Durga. According to legends, Karni Mata resided here in the fourteenth century and was renowned for performing numerous miracles. Originally, the village was named 'dus-nok,' signifying ten corners, as it was formed by amalgamating ten corners of ten different villages.
A striking marble facade stands in front of the temple, featuring solid silver doors commissioned by Maharaja Ganga Singh. Additional silver doors, adorned with panels illustrating various legends of the Goddess, can be found across the doorway. The inner sanctum of the temple houses the revered image of Karni Mata.
Gajner
Gajner stands as an unparalleled gem in the heart of Thar Desert. Maharaja Ganga Singh of Bikaner envisioned and built this oasis on the banks of a lake, generously adorned with diverse flora and fauna. Initially conceived as a hunting and leisure retreat, it became a place where the Maharaja and his family indulged their passions with select guests, offering them exotic getaways. The palace is surrounded by lush greenery, inviting guests to take leisurely strolls while marveling at the winter migratory birds such as imperial sand grouse, as well as antelopes, black bucks, and various other animal species like Nilgais, chinkaras, and deer. The hotel sprawls across an expansive area, preserving an ambiance that remains as unspoiled and authentic as its inception.
Junagarh
Standing as an impregnable stronghold, never once subdued, this fortress was erected in 1593 A.D. by Raja Rai Singh, a distinguished general in Emperor Akbar's formidable army. The fort is a formidable edifice surrounded by a protective moat.
The primary entry point, known as Karan Pol or the eastern gate, leads the way. Adjacent to it lies Suraj Pol, signifying the sun gate. Within the fort's complex, one can explore magnificent palaces like Anup Mahal, Ganga Niwas, and the Rang Mahal, also known as the palace of pleasure. The Har Mandir, a grand chapel, served as the sacred space for the royal family's devotions to their deities. Crafted from red sandstone and marble, these palaces form a charming collage of courtyards, balconies, pavilions, and windows strewn throughout the structure. Additionally, the premises host a museum that boasts a splendid collection of artifacts.
Lallgarh palace
This majestic palace stands as an epitome of architectural brilliance, crafted from the resplendent red sandstone. It was commissioned by Maharaja Ganga Singh in 1902, dedicated to the memory of his father Maharaja Lall Singh. The design of this oriental marvel was orchestrated by Sir Swinton Jacob. It seamlessly melds elements of Rajput, Mughal, and European architecture, presenting a striking contrast between its exterior and interior. The palace boasts intricate latticework and filigree, showcasing impeccable craftsmanship. Within its walls, a remarkable collection of meticulously preserved paintings and hunting trophies can be found. The expansive lawns adorned with vibrant bougainvillaea and graceful peacocks create a visual spectacle that captivates all who behold it.
National research center on camel
Embark on a day-long journey with the invaluable ship of the desert at the camel research and breeding centers, a unique establishment in all of Asia. Covering an extensive 2000 acres of semi-arid terrain, this farm is under the stewardship of the Government of India.